There's no blood because you didn't hit a vein/artery or organ and from what you are saying about fat, your arrow must have hit much higher than you thought. I am a bit confused about the arrow at this point, am I correct you have not found the knock end of the arrow and it may still be sticking in the animal?
Also, if in fact the distance was 30 yds, what draw weight are you shooting, arrow, weight of broad head, crossbow, compound, noise of the bow. Not that all that is vital to why there is no blood, I'm just curious as to why there is no pass through based on the missing section of arrow. Hitting bone can cause the situation where a portion of the arrow passes through then gets broken off.
I ask about the type of bow you are shooting because of the mistakes people make when and after they release the arrow, like picking ones head up to watch the arrow, dropping the bow too soon after release, not practicing, etc. Also the draw weight, arrow, and weight of the broadhead all affect speed. Any noise or movement picked up by the deer will have that deer "ducking" or dropping which will cause a high hit. It is said a deer can drop a foot in less then a second as it prepares to escape. Let's not forget the height from the ground from which you were shooting, many times people get way too high and forget to add the height factor to the distance of the target. For instance, shooter is 20 ft high in a tree and the target is 20 yds from the base of the tree; would the shooter use a 20 yd pin or the 30 yd pin? (The distance the arrow will travel is 28+ yds.)
Also, the angle to which the shooter is to the target is important because a deer standing broadside, will allow for a direct shot to let's say the heart but, that same deer facing away at a angle will need the arrow to penetrate behind the heart to assure hitting the heart.
As for your search, you said forty yards making circles but you didn't mention if you marked the spot of the hit or the last place you saw the deer. It is a known fact without an initial marker and follow up markers to guide one by, any search is hap hazard at best. Plus, forty yard searches only count if you here the animal go down, deer are known to cover a square mile over the course of their travel. Break your searches down into grids and look for a dog curled up in the smallest of places. You will either jump the deer and assure he is alive or you will by now find a half eaten carcass.
Last but not least, if in fact your story holds water, put the duck gun back in the case and go find that deer, dead or alive you owe it to him.
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Edit; Sorry Tuna I most forgitted, kudos to your son, that is a dandy Buck and his smile is worth a thousand words.