I had read that the colder the water gets, "smell" doesn't spread as much. I am not sure how true it is in relation to catching fish? That might be your issue with the carp though? If using a dough ball, maybe try dipping your dough ball in an attractant (watered down doughball slurry, anise, peanut butter, or whatever scent you do well with) before casting. I'd imagine with your catfish/striper bait, if live bait, it is creating movement/vibrations to attract fish. If cut bait/liver, the blood and other scents are finer and move in the colder water a bit more? I know that many that fish cut bait, make it a point to change out their bait every 15 minutes or so, since it loses the scent. Might stick to the bait a bit longer in the cold water.
Are you breaking the ice to fish?